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Hitachi : The History of Japanese Multinational Business Conglomerate

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Hitachi is a name that is more than a hundred years old and has been dealing in a number of fields successfully at a global level. The company has its global branch in more than eleven business segments including Information & Telecommunication Systems, High Functional Materials & Components, Financial Services, Electronic Systems & Equipment, Automotive Systems, Railway & Urban Systems, Digital Media & Consumer Products, etc. The company is the largest manufacturer of electric machinery and has made its name into the Fortune Global 500 list of 2012.

The Founder

Hitachi was founded by a Japanese electrical engineer Namihei Odaira, who was born on 15 January 1874, in Ienaka, Tochigi, Japan. Odaira graduated from the electrical engineering department of Tokyo Imperial University, in the year 1900. After graduating, Odaira started working as an engineer in a mining company. Within six years after graduating, he switched between various such companies, and after six years in 1906, he joined Kuhara Mining Company as an engineering section chief. His responsibility in the company included the maintenance of mine’s electrical equipment and electricity.

Hitachi
Image Source: hitachimed.com

During his job at the Kuhara Mining, he started manufacturing a five-horsepower electric motor with the help of one of his colleagues. Eventually, with the development of the induction motor, Odaira happened to found Hitachi, in the Kuhara Mining Company’s Hitachi copper mine, in the year 1910, hence, making the owner of Kuhara Mining, Fusanosuke Kuhara, the official president of Hitachi, instead of Odaira himself.

The History

Hitachi is a combination of two Kanji characters, Hi and Tachi, where Hi stands for sun and tachi means to rise. In 1918, the headquarter of Hitachi was moved to Tokyo. In 1920, Hitachi Ltd. was incorporated as an independent company, and Kuhara was removed from the position of the president. Odaira became the managing director of Hitachi and stayed at the same position from 1910 to 1929.

During the second world war, the American forces tried to destroy the Hitachi plants and disband Hitachi altogether. Also, Odaira got expelled from the company by the U.S. occupation authorities. It took three years for Hitachi to convince the armies to continue its functioning and except 19 of its plants came back into operation. In 1951, Odaira was taken back as the chairman of the company. The same year, in the month of October, Odaira passed away at the age of 77.

At the time of Korean war, in 1949, the American military offered various manufacturing contracts to the Japanese industries, including Hitachi, that saved the company from a complete collapse, after so much damage, and the death of Odaira. The company started gaining its previous position, and in 1959, it established the Hitachi America Ltd., followed by the establishment of Hitachi Europe, Ltd. in 1982.

In the year 2011, Hitachi Ltd. came into talks with Mitsubishi, for Japan’s largest merger, but due to some reasons, the deal got cancelled. In 2012, Hitachi acquired the United Kingdom-based nuclear energy company Horizon Nuclear Power, and it plans to establish up to six power plants in the UK.

Hitachi and Mitsubishi again had words regarding merging their thermal power businesses, in November 2012 and began the operations of the joint venture in February 2014. Hitachi owns the 35% shares in the joint venture, whereas Mitsubishi owns 65% shares of it.

Currently, Hiroaki Nakanishi KBE chairs the company, and Toshiaki Higashihara is the president of the company. Along with America, the company has expanded to the various parts of Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa, etc.

Collett E. Woolman : The Co-founder & First CEO of Delta Air Lines

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Collett Everman Woolman was one of the principal founder and first Chief Executive Officer of the infamous Delta Air Lines. Woolman with his vision took a great leap in the airline business. From an employee of the Delta Air Lines to the CEO of the same, Woolman worked rigorously to lead the airlines, to be one of the best in the world. His hard work and inspirational life even took his name to the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame.

Early Life

Woolman was born on 8 October 1889, in Bloomington, Indiana, but spent most of his childhood in Urbana, Illinois. He completed his high secondary education from a local public school and entered the University of Illinois to pursue a Bachelor degree in agriculture. After his marriage with Helen H. Fairfield, in 1916, the couple moved to Monroe, in northeastern Louisiana.

Founding Delta Air Lines

After completing his education, Woolman joined Louisiana State University as an Agricultural Extension Agent. At the time, the Southern United States were facing a big issue with their agriculture works, i.e., the boll weevil, a cotton-destroying pest. A United States Department of Agriculture entomologist, Dr B. R. Coad, was trying new methods to solve this problem, and Woolmen also joined him in his mission. The ultimate solution, that they used against the boll weevil was to sprinkle calcium arsenate over the crops. As it was difficult to sprinkle the dry-powder over big fields, the team started doing the same with the help of army-loaned aircraft. The aircraft would dust out the powder over the fields, and the issue was solved.

C. E. Woolman
Image Source: deltamuseum.org

An aircraft manufacturer, Huff-Daland Aero Corporation, noticed the whole matter and formed a new division for crop dusting, naming it as Huff Daland Dusters, on 30 May 1924, and established the headquarter in Macon, Georgia. The Airborne crop dusting organisation was the first of its kind, in the world. Woolman was selected as the lead for the department and was appointed as the vice president and general manager of the same.

The company earned profits in the business, but as soon as the summer growing season ended, the need for the air dusting deceased, simultaneously. Woolman advised moving the service to other places, where the season was reversed and started operating in Mexico and Peru. With the help of Peruvian Airways Corporation, Woolman also started the passenger service in Peru. The agreement did not last long, but, Woolman gained the much-needed experience in the business.

In 1925, the company setup was moved to Monroe, Louisiana. At the same time, the Huff Daland Dusters was in financial trouble. The company was looking for a buyer for its bailout, and Woolman took the advantage of the opportunity, and on 13 September 1928, Woolman acquired the company, naming it Delta Air Service. The company started its passenger service on 17 June 1929 and received funding from its three new investors C. H. McHenry, Travis Oliver, and Malcolm S. Biedenharn. The first flight by the airlines was between Dallas, Texas and Jackson, Mississippi. In 1930, Woolman was named to the board of directors of the company.

At that time, there was a very less number of people who travelled through an aircraft. Hence, the company took a break from the passenger service and started functioning as an airmail service. Later, in March 1934, the passenger service was started again. In 1941, the headquarter of the company was relocated to Atlanta. After moving to Atlanta, Delta Air Service started adding new air routes and acquired a few other airlines. The propeller planes were replaced by the jets, and it started expanding towards the europian countries and across the Pacific. On 1 November 1965, Woolman was appointed as the chief executive officer of the company. Only after one year, on September 1966, at the age of 76, Woolman passed away, leaving a great legacy behind him.

Delta Air Lines After Woolman

In 1987, the company had a merger with the western airlines, and throughout the 90’s the airline saw rapid growth. In the late 90’s in competition with Southwest Airlines, the company launched a new sub-airline, named as Song. But soon, it started seeing failures due to the lower yields, higher fuel prices, and economic challenges. In the year 2005, the company got bankrupt.

During the bankruptcy, the company sold the old and unused aircraft, and the company shut the unprofitable routes and hubs. At the same time, Delta was trying to find out the loopholes in their functionality and was preparing itself for future with new strategies. In 2007, the company emerged as a polished and better version of its own, hence, operating to lead the company towards success.

On 14 April 2008, the company announced a merger with Northwest Airlines, forming the world’s largest airline. In 2010, the Northwest Airline accepted retirement, making the Delta Air Lines the wholly-owned company. Currently, the airline is functioning as the most prefered airlines across the world, due to its excellent customer service.

Palmer Luckey : The Home School Kid Who Brought a Revolution in the Virtual Reality

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An idea really can change your life, and if the idea is related to the technology, it is definitely going to turn your life around and give you many perks. The virtual reality was far from reality and only limited to the science-fiction stories and movies. But, a teenager brought the fiction into reality with its Virtual Reality head-mounted display Oculus Rift. Palmer Luckey is the mind behind such creative idea, that has changed the world of gaming and has opened new ways for Virtual Reality. The spotlight-shy engineer gives the credit to his home-schooling for his invention and the success that he earned at a young age.

Early Life

Palmer Luckey was born on 19 September 1992, in Long Beach, California, to parents Donald and Julie. His father was a salesman at a car dealership. Luckey did his initial schooling at his home, and it was her mother who tutored him. He grew an interest in the field of electronics and engineering at an early age and taught himself the same, through online classes. He grew up playing video games and watching sci-fi movies, developing an interest in virtual reality. During his childhood, he also went for the sailing lessons.

Palmer Luckey
Image Source: forbes.com

His passion for electronics engineering and virtual reality led him to try his hands on projects like coil guns, Tesla coils, and lasers. Also, based on the virtual reality, he created over 50 different head-mounted displays. One of his most expensive experiment was the development of a PC gaming rig using the elaborate six-monitor setup, costing him tens of thousands of U.S. dollars.

Along with the homeschooling, to earn the funding for his experiments, he worked at many places as a part-timer, including a groundskeeper job, youth sailing coach job, and a computer repair technician job. He also repaired and resold the old iPhones, earning at least US$36,000, from the business.

After completing the basic education, he took the community college courses at Golden West College and Long Beach City College, at the age of 14. He later took a journalism course in the California State University, Long Beach, and wrote for the student-run newspaper, Daily 49er, as an Online editor. At the same time, he started working as a part-time engineer at the Mixed Reality Lab (MxR) at the Institute for Creative Technologies and worked on a cost-effective virtual reality project.

Oculus Rift

Fascinated by electronics, lasers and virtual reality, Luckey at the age of 17, started experimenting with the head mounted virtual reality gears as he was not happy with his PC gaming rig. As it was not serving the purpose of creating a 3D environment for the gaming. In 2010, he developed his first prototype named PR1, followed by some other prototypes exploring features like 3D stereoscopy, wireless, and extreme 270-degree field-of-view. After developing the sixth generation VR box, he put it on crowdfunding website Kickstarter. By the year 2012, he received thousand of request regarding the availability of the VR box, and he dropped out of college so that he could focus on the advancement of the device.

During the process, he met the former executive of Gaikai and Scaleform, Brendan Iribe, and discussed the scope of the device, in the gaming world. Iribe liked the product and invested a thousand dollars in the production of the VR box for the Kickstarter campaign. The two started a company named Oculus VR, Iribe becoming the CEO and appointed Michael Antonov, as the chief software architect of the company. Luckey presented the VR box in front of Gabe Newell, Valve’s Managing director, Michael Abrash, a few gamers, as well as at many gaming conventions, including PAX, Gamescom, and QuakeCon 2012.

The Oculus Rift raised $2.4 million funding, during the Kickstarter campaign. Before the Kickstarter campaign, Luckey had shared that he is expecting to earn enough money that could compensate the money spent on the costs of parts, manufacturing, shipping, and credit card/Kickstarter fees, with about $10 left over for a celebratory pizza and beer. In fact, he had earned 974% of the original target, enough amount to buy a new office space and employ more staff for the company.

In March 2014, Facebook acquired Oculus VR for $3 billion, resulting in Luckey’s estimated net worth equal to $700 million, in 2015. Luckey continued working on Oculus within the Facebook office, till 2017. In 2017, he left the company without disclosing any particular reason to the media.

Personal Life

Luckey, even after, achieving so much at a young age, does not consider himself as a celebrity or a VIP. In fact, he is often seen in a casual look with a pair of sandals. After gaining the profits in the Facebook deal, Luckey bought a party house in the ritzy Silicon Valley town of Atherton, where he lives with his seven friends. He also spent $120,000 to buy a Tesla Model S. saying, “Elon Musk is a cool guy who deserves my money.”

Samaira Mehta : Little Fingers Running from Coding to Entrepreneurship

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samaira mehta
Image Source: Facebook

Most of the children, at the age of six, are adjusting with their school’s environment, some have still not joined the school yet, and some brilliant minds of the same age, are working towards excellence, and making their ways into the tech world. Such gifted kid, from the Silicon Valley, is a ten years old Samaira Mehta, who has been into the limelight for her invention, at the age of eight, becoming one of the youngest entrepreneurs and a powerful motivational speaker.

Samaira Mehta, an Indian-American girl, was born on 4 March 2008, to Rakesh Mehta and Monica Mehta. Her father works as an engineer at Intel Co., and her mother worked in the field of marketing for more than a decade. Samaira was just six years old when her father started teaching her programming. The bright Samaira developed an immense interest in the same and started practising it. According to one of her interviews, she loved doing coding and playing the board games. Love for the two brought her the idea of mixing both of them and creating a board game that could help the people of age from 4-104, to learn to code in an easier way.

When Samaira turned eight, she finally decided to transform her idea into reality and launched a board game, naming it the CoderBunnyz. The game became popular in no time, and hence, Samaira co-founded a company, with her mother, given the same name to it as the game.

samaira mehta
Image Source: indiawest.com

Little Samaira became a self-made entrepreneur at the tender age of eight. After the success of CoderBunnyz, she came out with its sequel CoderMindz. CoderMindz is based on the concept of Artificial Intelligence and is another hit. The game is first of its kind, and Samaira gives half of its credit to her younger brother Aadit Mehta, who assisted her in the development and is just six-years-old.

From basic to advance, the CoderBunnyz has thirteen levels, that makes the players grow their skills, with every step. The game has made a place among the Five Best Board Games of the World, that is a huge thing for anyone, at the age of ten. Before making up to the top five board games, it had already won the second-place prize of $2,500, from Think Tank Learning’s Pitchfest, in 2016.

After the launch of the game, Samaira started providing demo classes in libraries and schools, so that the kids could learn how to play. Soon, she received invitations for large tech events. Her game also grabbed the attention of the to tech giants, like Google and Microsoft, and they also organised the demo workshops for the game. Until now, she has done over 50 workshops in Silicon Valley, teaching over 2000 kids, including over 50 at Google. After the workshop at Google, she also received an offer of working with Google, as soon as she completes her college, by Stacy Sullivan, Google’s Chief Culture Officer.

Samaira also developed another board game, especially for the underrepresented girls, named as Girls U Code. Her achievement also brought her a letter of appreciation from the White House. Samaira has been featured in NBC, Sony, ZDF, Mercury News, sina.com and several media in three continents (North America, Asia, Europe) and over 11 countries. She spoke at the CMG Impact 2016 Women in Tech (2017), becoming the youngest speaker at CMG. She also gave a speech at the MyPowerTalk at Silicon Valley tech forum, in the same year, where she received a standing ovation from more than 400 women. The Cartoon Network also profiled her as the real-life “Powerpuff Girl”. She has received the Young Entrepreneur Award from the Silicon Valley, in 2017.

The big tech companies are all set to hire the young entrepreneur, but, it all it is up to her whether she will go with a multinational tech company or will run her own business. Until then, we can just watch her progress. Along with playing with codes and creating unusual board games, Samaira also loves to play guitar and archery. She is a supporter of girls education and wants to make people of every age fall in love with coding and programming.

Bruce McLaren : The Kiwi Motorsport Ace From New Zealand

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The great racer who not only raced the cars, also designed and engineered the best racing cars for the world of the car race. At an early age, Mclaren founded the Bruce McLaren Motor Racing Ltd. He was not just a racer but his extraordinary, but short life left a legacy behind him. The Kiwi motorsport icon Bruce McLaren lived his life devoted entirely to his passion.

Early Life

Bruce McLaren was born on August 30 1937, as Bruce Leslie McLaren, Auckland, New Zealand. His father, Les McLaren, was an engineer and motor car man. His father along with his wife Ruth McLaren ran a service station and workshop. Bruce completed his primary education from Meadowbank Primary School, Auckland. Suffering from the Perthes disease, at the age of nine, his left leg remained shorter than his right leg. Due to the disease, he spent the next two years of his life, in the Wilson Home in Takapuna, on a Bradford Frame for treatment and had to leave the school. After two years, he came back to his family and started correspondence classes with a tutor. After completing his high school education, he graduated in engineering from the Seddon Technical Memorial College.

Bruce’s father, being a motor car man, loved cars and car racing. In fact, before the birth of Bruce, he used to participate in the motorcycle racing. Due to some injury, during one of his races, he had to leave motorcycle racing. But, he continued car racing, even after the accident. As Bruce had spent most of his childhood among motors and racing enthusiasts, he also grew a passion for automobiles and racing.

Career in Racing

Bruce was 14 when his father brought an old Austin Ulster to their workshop. His father wanted to repair the car so that he could take part in a car race. The car needed repair and took almost a year, to get back onto the roads. Bruce and his father even skipped meals to get the car done. After getting a driver’s license, at the age of 16, Bruce entered the first race of his life, a hill climb, about 25 miles outside Auckland.

mclaren
Image Source: grandprixhistory.org

For his first real race, he drove the Ford 10 special, and later, moved to the Austin-Healey and an F2 Cooper-Climax sports. In March 1958, he participated in the New Zealand International Grand Prix and was the first runner-up. In the competition, he won the “Driver to Europe” scholarship and became first New Zealander to do so. On 15th March, Bruce left for England, where he drove for John Cooper of Cooper Cars, starting in the very first year in England.

In late 1958, he participated in the German Grand Prix, a combined F1 and F2 race, where he earned his name among the people of England. The next year, in 1959, he joined the Cooper factory F1 team, alongside Jack Brabham, and at the age 22, Bruce won the United States Grand Prix, becoming the youngest ever GP winner of that time. Brabham was the Australian car race driver, who was also in the NZIGP Association’s selection committee. After this win, he won the Argentine Grand Prix (1960), Monaco Grand Prix (1962), and New Zealand GP (1964).

In 1963, Bruce founded the Bruce McLaren Motor Racing Ltd, along with an American sponsor Teddy Mayer, and continued racing, winning many Cooper races. In 1965, he announced his own GP team. Like his father, in the same year, he also invested in a service station. The station was established in his hometown Aukland and was named as Bruce McLaren Motors. He worked with Cooper for 7 long years, and left it, to develop his own Formula One race car, winning the team’s first Grand Prix in 1968. In the same year, he won the 24 hours of Le Mans in a 7-litre Ford Mark IIA, and in 1969, the 12 hours of Sebring in a Ford Mark IV.

Personal Life

Bruce married his wife, Patricia Broad, on 9 December 1961. The couple had a daughter named Amanda. On 2 June 1970, while testing his new M8D, at the Goodwood Circuit in England, his car crashed on the Lavant Straight, just before Woodcote corner and he died in the accident, at the age of 32.

The racing team founded by Bruce continued participating in Formula One races and won 8 Constructors’ Championships and 12 Drivers’ Championships. He has got the Taupo Motorsport Park, in New Zealand, renamed Bruce McLaren Motorsport Park in 2015. His name is inducted in the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame, International Motorsports Hall of Fame and the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America.

Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner : The Founder & Former CEO of Opera Software

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Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner is one of the early pioneers of mobile web browser development. The Icelandic entrepreneur had always wanted to create browsers that fulfil the specific needs of the users. The man behind Opera, the much in demand, mobile web browser, and the former CEO of Opera Software is a browser Visionary. The values, that this 6’5” businessman holds, has led the two of his browsers to become the most loved browsers of all.

Early Life

Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner was born on 29 August 1967, in Reykjavík, Iceland. His father Stephen von Tetzchner is of Norwegian ethnicity and worked as a professor of psychology. His mother Elsa Jónsdóttir belongs to the Icelands. Tetzchner spent most of his childhood in Seltjarnarnes with his grandparents. He completed his education from Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík School and later, moved to Norway, to pursue a master’s degree in computer science from the University of Oslo.

Founding Opera

In 1991, after graduating with a master’s degree from the University of Oslo, Tetzchner started working at the Norwegian state phone company, that was later, renamed as Telenor. Tetzchner was a member of a research team of the company, where he met Geir Ivarsøy. Tetzchner and Geir, with the team, developed a browsing software called MultiTorg Opera. Due to some reasons, Telenor abandoned the project. Tetzchner and Geir were familiar with the potential of the project, hence acquired the rights related to it. In 1995, both Tetzchner and Geir, left the company to establish their own software development firm, named as Opera Software, Tetzchner becoming the CEO, and Geir the lead programmer of the company. The two kept on working on and improving the Opera browser to make it more user-friendly.

Tetzchner Jon
Image Source: www.tu.no

In 1998, the two started working on the different platform compatibility of Opera Browser, and in 2000, launched Opera 4.0, a multi-platform compatible browser. The first four of the versions of the browser that Opera launched, were all paid, providing the user one month trial period. But, after Opera’s fifth version came, all of the Opera versions were free to use. The new versions of Opera browser received sponsorship from displaying ads on it.

On 21 April 2005, the company launched Opera 8. At the launch meeting, Tetzchner announced that he would swim in the Atlantic Ocean from Norway to the United States if the new Opera 8 will get one million downloads, within four days. He made the statement and had to complete the challenge only after two days of its launch, as the downloads for Opera 8 reached 1,050,000 by 23 April. Though he could not complete the challenge and fail in no time.

As soon as Opera Software launched the Opera 8.5, the ads were removed from the browser, and Opera received a sponsorship from Google, making Google its default search engine.

As the CEO of the company, Tetzchner led Opera Software successfully, making it global, and established its offices in 13 different countries, including Poland, China, South Korea, Japan, Australia, US, Iceland and Singapore.

In January 2010, Tetzchner left the post of the CEO of Opera, and in June 2011, he officially left Opera, to found Vivaldi Technologies. At the time he was the CEO of Opera Software, the Opera browser had reached 350 million users. Now, Opera Software is a Chinese company.

Tetzchner, in December 2013, started a new venture Vivaldi Technologies, and launched its new web browser Vivaldi 1.0 version, in April 2016. Tetzchner serves as the CEO of the company. Vivaldi Technologies is a self-funded company, in which the employees hold the equity.