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LightSail 2

LightSail 2 Successfully Sailing in Space through Sunlight

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This is true that all the living things get energy from the sunlight, and now, with the latest experiment carried out by The Planetary Society through its LightSail 2 spacecraft, it is confirmed again. Bill Nye, CEO of the non-profit organisation, announced today that the organisation’s experimental bread-loaf-sized, solar-powered spacecraft has successfully raised its orbit with the help of sunlight.

“Today, we declare mission success. We’re going to a higher orbital altitude without rocket fuel, just with the push of sunlight,” Nye said in a press conference.

The spacecraft was launched on 25th June from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, along with the other payloads, with the help of the SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket and was deployed in its solar sail on 23rd July. The solar sail is made of four triangular sails of shiny Mylar. Since the deployment of the craft, the team LightSail have been observing and supervising every movement of the spacecraft.

LightSail 2
Image Source: pressfrom.info

According to the team, LightSail 2 was moving slowly upward in the Earth’s orbit, and it has raised its apogee about 2 kilometres in the past four days. The 5 kilograms CubeSat had been keeping the records about the progress of the craft, and on July 2, it sent the information about its successful propelling to the Earth’s orbit.

The solar sail is 344 square foot in area. The light particle from the sun bounce from the shiny sails and generate a small amount of force. With the continues bouncing of the light, particles make this force even stronger and push the craft forward, raising the craft in its orbit, that too, without the use of fuel.

It has been over a decade since The Planetary Society has been working on the LightSail program, and the previous experiment with the LightSail was a fail. The current mission is crowdfunded through about 40,000 donations, raising $7 million.

LightSail 2 has become the first spacecraft of this size to rise its orbit with solar sailing, and the first to be propelled by solar sailing in the Earth orbit. Usually, the spacecraft make use of fuel engine to a propeller in the space, but the success of LightSail 2 is indicating that in future there can be big spacecraft that will consume the photons for propelling.

The orbit raised by LightSail 2 is slowly forming an elliptical shape, and since the orbit is more towards the Earth’s atmosphere, the LightSail team has estimated that it will be dying within a year. But the success of this experiment has raised new hopes for people.

NASA collaborates with US based Space Agencies

NASA to Collaborate with Commercial U.S. Based Space Agencies to Advance Mars, Moon Technologies

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NASA is the first agency to land on the surface of the moon, and the world’s top space agency, too. But it seems to further extend its operations, NASA needs the support of other organisations as well. Leading to this, the organisation has announced a partnership with the long list of various commercial U.S. based space agencies, including SpaceX, BlueOrigin, and Lockheed Martin.

NASA has partnered with thirteen U.S. based space agencies and has formed partnerships on 19 different technologies that will help it advance its operations for reaching out and landing on other planets and extend its research on Mars and the lunar surface.

Through the Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity initiative, NASA had invited proposals from different space organisations. The agency had asked those organisations to submit proposals for the technology they want to work upon. On the basis of various factors, the agency has selected thirteen different organisations.

NASA collaborates with US based Space Agencies
Image Source: nasa.gov

With those agencies, NASA will be providing appropriate resources and support, such that they can continue their research work on the selected technology. The organisations will be working collaboratively on different operations, including landing on other planets, navigating over the surface of the Moon, transferring propellant in space, improving spacecraft operation, etc.

The Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos’s space company will work on a fuel cell-based power system to be used in the company’s Blue Moon lander. The company will be collaborating with NASA’s Johnson Space Center and the Goddard Space Flight Center. Along with that, the company will work on a new navigation system. The system will help in an accurate and safe landing of spacecraft on various parts of the Moon. It will also be developing a new power system, that will empower the landers on the Moon in the lunar nights or for at least two weeks.

On the other hand, SpaceX will be collaborating with the Kennedy Space Center. The two will be working on improving the technology that helps in verticle landing of bigger landers, at the place where the gravity is not that strong, like on the moon and other zero-gravity environments. Other than that, the company will work on improving the workability of the reusable rockets. With the new technology, the rocket propellent can be moved through one vehicle to the other efficiently, within the orbit.

The third biggest company, Lockheed Martin, will be working on robotics and autonomous technologies that would help in plantation and farming in the space so that it will be possible to harvest plants in the deep space in the coming future.

Other than these three companies, Advanced Space will be the part of NASA’s lunar navigation technologies research works and Vulcan Wireless will be helping NASA test the CubeSat radio transponder, and its compatibility with NASA’s Space Network.

Aerogel Technologies, Spirit AeroSystem Inc., Anasphere, Bally Ribbon Mills, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Maxar Technologies, Aerojet Rocketdyne, Colorado Power Electronics Inc., are the other companies that have been selected by NASA to work on its various operations, related to Mars and the Moon missions.

Nasa Orion

NASA is All Set to Carry Out its Next Moon Mission with Orion Crew Capsule

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Fifty years ago the first moon mission took place and last week was nothing but a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the same. Along with celebrating the whole event, NASA also revealed that it is going to carry out another mission to the moon using its newly developed Orion spacecraft, that will return humans to the moon by 2024.

During the 50th anniversary event at the Kennedy Space Center, the agency confirmed that the Orion crew capsule is ready for its trip to the moon and it will be carrying out its first mission after June 2020.

In the first mission of Orion next year, i.e., Artemis 1, the spacecraft will not carry any humans to the moon. It will be propelled through Boeing‘s new Space Launch System and will spend three weeks in the space. During this time, it will stay in the orbit of the moon for over six days. The mission will also carry out a test on the spacecraft while returning to the earth. During the mission, the agency will be testing the thermal shielding of Orion the time it will be entering the atmosphere of the earth at the highest of speed. This very mission is estimated to cost a total of $20-30 billion.

Nasa Orion
Image source: wikimedia.org

In the second mission to the moon, i.e. Artemis 2, in 2022 the spacecraft will carry a proper crew, and later in 2024, with the mission Artemis 3, it will take the astronauts to the surface of the moon.

During the event, Vice President Mike Pence talked about the first successful moon mission and the spaceflight, Apollo 11, that first landed humans on the moon. He also talked about the new Orion spacecraft and the missions that it will be carrying out in the coming future.

“Thanks to the hard work of the men of NASA, men and women of NASA, and American industry, the Orion crew vehicle for the Artemis 1 mission is complete and ready to begin preparations for its historic first flight,” said Pence during his speech.

It won’t be the first time that Orion will go into space. It took its first four hours flight into space back in 2014. It was a test flight in which it took two complete rounds of the earth.

Along with the moon mission, NASA is also working with other private companies like SpaceX and Boeing for its other space missions. The first mission that Orion will carry out will only be possible in 2020 if Boeing builds its most powerful Space Launch System rocket on time.

Encouraging the astronauts and scientists present at the event, Pence also stated, “It will be American men and the first American woman who will step on the surface of the moon in the coming five years.”

Nasa to Fly Dragonfly a Drone-like Lander on Titan to Find the Traces of Life

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Our solar system and space beyond have always been the topic of interest for the humans. For a few years now, most of the big space agencies are exploring the Martian surface, and now, the American space organisation, NASA has decided to explore ‘Titan’, one of the 62 moons of Saturn.

Nasa has revealed that it will send a drone-like lander, named Dragonfly, on the surface of Titan, capable of flying 8 or 9 miles in an hour. The Dragonfly will be a 10-foot-long, and 10-foot-wide dual-quadcopter, similar to the size of the Mars rover and will be a look-alike of a giant drone.

Nas's drangonfly on Titan
Image Source: sciencemag.org

Since the Titan has the best environment for flying rather than walking or rolling over the surface, the drone is specifically designed to hop and fly over it. The gravity of Titan is equal to one-seventh of the Earth’s gravity and has a far thicker environment than that of the Earth, providing the suitable conditions for Dragonfly to fly in it.

According to Nasa, the drone will be exploring the surface of Titan and will discover places for landing over it. It will be collecting samples for research, observe the weather conditions and will notify the agency if it finds something unusual. The drone is equipped with drills and probes, to investigate the surface and has got cameras embedded to it, through which will it will be sending HD pictures of the objects found on Titan back to Nasa. Dragonfly will spend about 16 days at a single place and examine the environment. After 16 days, it will move further with the help of the eight rotors it possesses.

Elizabeth Zibi Turtle, the lead investigator of the mission, said during the announcement that Nasa will launch Dragonfly in 2026, which will land on the dune-filled equatorial region of Titan through a parachute. The drone will be back to Earth in 2034.

Nasa has already touched down the surface of Titan with the Huygens probe via the Cassini mission earlier, but according to Turtle, with Dragonfly, it will be a more in-depth mission and will discover major alien things on it.

“We know that Titan has rich organic material, very complex organic material on the surface. There’s energy in the form of sunlight, and we know there’s been water on the surface in the past. These ingredients, that we know, are necessary for the development of life, as we know it is sitting on the surface on Titan. They’ve been doing chemistry experiments, basically, for hundreds of millions of years, and Dragonfly is designed to go pick up the results of those experiments.” said Turtle.

With the rivers and other organic material found on Titan, it has always been considered as a prototype of Earth, before life on Earth. So the interest of the researchers has always been to find the traces of life over it.

Nasa’s Curiosity Detects Methane Spike on the Martian Surface

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Many of the scientists are curious about the whereabouts of Mars, and the biggest space organisation, NASA, is one of them. According to a report by the New York Times, Curiosity, the motor vehicle sent by Nasa to Martian surface, has discovered the largest amount of methane ever measured during its mission. Times published the news on Saturday, after receiving a private email from Ashwin Vasavada, one of the project scientists on the mission.

Curiosity Mars Rover
Image Source: bgr.com

NASA on Monday confirmed the news, by saying that the amount of the methane that Curiosity has found, in the span of seven years of its mission, is about three times higher than previous detections. The organisation also doubts that the origin of the gas may be biological, arising hopes for the possibility of life on Mars, one of the sources of methane can be microbial life. Though, methane can be originated through other sources including geothermal reactions involving water and heat, or through interactions between water and rock. But, Curiosity lacks the tools that can identify the origin of methane on Mars, and from where it is generated. So Nasa has also denied commenting on the same.

According to the blog post published by Nasa on Monday, the finding reveals that the rover discovered about 21 parts per billion units by volume (ppbv) of methane, through its Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) tunable laser spectrometer. And, one ppbv means that if a volume of air is taken to Mars, one billionth of the volume of air will be methane.

The organisation also revealed that the rover has detected Methane on the Martian surface several times before, and always there was a difference between the level of methane during every other season. Nasa hasn’t been able to know the reason behind the difference in the level of methane in these different seasons. The organisation also detected the gas on the surface of Mars in 2004, but the scientists were unable to detect its source, at that time.

Nasa will be conducting a few more experiments to know more about the sources of Methane and will be collaborating with different space organisations, including the European Space Agency’s Trace Gas Orbiter. The latter has been exploring the Mars’ orbit and has notified that it has not detected any methane during the period of one year of its research. Nasa mentioned that it will be matching up the reports from the latter and will carry out some experiment to get extra details on the finding.

Nasa’s Mars InSight Probe Successfully Arrives at the Red Planet

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Nasa’s Mars InSight probe has successfully landed on the surface of Mars after a long journey of 300m-mile, that is covered in seven months. InSight – short for “Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,” is an $830 million robot, that has been sent to Mars to know the planet better.

The robot landed at the quietest place on Mars, Elysium Planitia, a vast, smooth lava plain, also called as “the biggest parking”, shortly before 8 pm GMT on Monday. There were cheers and hugs among the scientists at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in California, when the InSight robot sent the signals of its successful arrival on the planet.

insight
Image Source: spaceflightnow.com

“It was intense, and you could feel the emotion,” said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, on receiving a congratulatory phone call from Vice President Mike Pence. “What an amazing day for NASA,” he added. The robot also sent a picture of itself, soon after a few minutes of its arrival on the surface. Due to the dust, the picture came out to be a bit blurred, but NASA claims that the next pictures will be more clear.

NASA launched the mission on May 5, this year, from the United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, unlike the other missions, that were launched from the Cape Canaveral. The robot landed on Mars successfully, after it blasted off its heat shield and fired retro-thrusters to slow its descent when it entered into the thin Martian atmosphere and released a parachute.

The robot will accomplish a two years mission and will be studying more about the core, crust and mantle of the planet. The robot is further focused on researching the climate and the formation of the planed more than 4.6bn years ago. The InSight mission is one of the 40% Mars missions that have been successful in the past. The lander is embedded with a seismometer, that will work as an ear listen to the vibrations on the ground. It is capable of recording a dozen to 100 Marsquakes of magnitude 3.5 or greater, during its two years mission on the planet.

It also consists of a heat probe, that will measure the Mars’ heat rate under the ground. The scientists will also calculate the size of the Mars’ core, with the help of the antenna attached to the robot, that will measure the Mars’ wobbles on its axis. There are a lot more enclosed in the mission that will be revealed in steps after the mission moves further.

Bruce Banerdt, the mission’s lead scientist from JPL, said, “When we look at the crust of Mars, that’s a snapshot into the past, of what the crust of the Earth might have looked like 4.5 billion years ago before it got all busy. It will take about two years to collect the data needed to answer the mission’s “deep questions.” depending on how many quakes Mars has in store.”