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Ernest Harrison : A British Entrepreneur & the Co-Founder of Vodafone

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From starting a career as a clerk to becoming the chairman of a multinational company is not a piece of cake. The recipient of the Mountbatten Medal and the most successful businessman of UK, Sir Ernest Harrison, was the first chairman of Vodafone, who started his journey as the head clerk at the parent company of Vodafone. His decision making and business skills led him and his company at the top of the telecom business.

Early Life

Sir Ernest Harrison was born in Hackney, north-east London, on 11 May 1926. His father was a docker, working under the Casual Labour Scheme, and his mother was a dressmaker, in an East End garment factory. He moved to Holloway with his family and attended Trinity Grammar School, Wood Green. During his school, he became a die-hard fan of the Arsenal Football Club and played in his school football team. He got his education interrupted when the world war 2 broke out, and he was evacuated. In 1944, joined the Fleet Air Arm, in Canada.

Career

During his service at the Fleet Air Arm, he received a training in accountancy. In 1951, after his release, he joined the newly formed Racal Telecom, as the chief accountant, and the 13th employee, at a monthly salary of £650. Soon, he became the chief buyer, following by the role of personnel director, and contract negotiator, of the company. He held many important positions while working in Racal, in his 50-year career with Racal. He was appointed the deputy managing director in 1961 and eventually, became the chairman of the company, in 1966.

Ernest Harrison
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With Harrison, Racal won many crucial deals, like negotiation of a British Army battlefield radio contract, a merger between Racal and British Communications Corporation, acquiring Decca, and buying the British Rail Telecommunications network, etc.

Creation of Vodafone

In July 1982, Harrison, as the chairman of Racal, along with Jan Stenbeck, from the Millicom, Inc., jointly bid for the UK’s second cellular radio licence, forming a company, named Racal-Millicom, Ltd. In the bid, the company won the second UK mobile phone network license. With the final ownership of Racal-Millicom, Ltd, Racal holding 80% and Millicom holding 15% shares, on 1 January 1985, Racal-Millicom launched Racal-Vodafone Ltd. in Newbury, Berkshire. In December 1986, by paying a total sum of GB£110 million, to the smaller shareholders, Racal Electronics transformed Vodafone into a fully owned brand of Racal Telecom.

By the end of 1996, Vodafone had acquired the major shares of many other telecom companies, like Talkland, Peoples Phone, Astec Communications, etc. In September 1991, Racal Telecom demerged into Vodafone. It expanded to other neighbouring countries and after 2005, it established its network in other continents too.

Vodafone became the first telecom company to provide roaming call. Currently, Vodafone serves 400 million customers all over the world.

Personal Life

Harrison’s first marriage was with Beryl Cole and had twin sons with her. The two got divorced in 1959. Harrison, in 1960, got married to Janie Knight, with whom he had three children. He loved watching Arsenal football matches and also, enjoyed horse races. He had a hobby of collecting medals. Harrison died on 16 February 2009, at the age of 82.

Garrett Camp : The Co-founder of the Online Discovery Platform StumbleUpon

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If you are skilled enough you are destined to achieve the goals you set even before you are a graduate. Garrett Camp, a Canadian entrepreneur, was still a student when he started his own business along with three of his college mates. The company gained popularity and within a year, bringing him into the spotlight and making him one of the Top Innovators under the age of 35.

Early Life

Garrett was born on October 4, 1978, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, to an economist father and an artist mother. Later, his parents started a business of architecture. Garrett completed his high schooling from a local government school. Later, he joined the University of Calgary and received a degree in electrical engineering, in 1996. During his junior year, at the college, he went through an internship, in speech recognition technology from Nortel Networks, Montreal. After graduating from the University of Calgary, he enrolled in the Masters in Software Engineering, in the same University and researched on the collaborative systems, evolutionary algorithms and information retrieval.

Garrett Camp
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Founding StumbleUpon

Garrett was still in College when he came up with the idea of StumbleUpon. StumbleUpon was the first discovery engine, that was used to find web content for the users. Garrett founded StumbleUpon, with his friends at the University and established its office in San Francisco. The company received its first funding from the Silicon Valley’s Angels Investors. In 2007, eBay acquired StumbleUpon for $75 million. The company expanded its service to 25 million registered users in the next year. Camp re-acquired the company in 2015, as it went under debt, and helped the company recover its original status, once again. The company is still running its website successfully.

Other Ventures

In 2009, with Travis Kalanick, Garrett co-founded Uber, a transportation network company as UberCab. He made the initial funding for the project of $250K, himself. The idea behind Uber was to make the black taxis affordable for the people. Till mid-2012, Uber launched UberX and Uber SUV, making its way in the list of Forbes Top 10 Companies of 2012. Uber has become popular among the people as an affordable medium for travelling and is running its business in 500 cities across the globe.

In 2013, Garett started another venture named Expa that helps other startups financially, by raising funds from the major investors of Silicon Valley.

In 2007, Garrett was listed among the Top Innovators under the age of 35, at Technology Review’s Emerging Technologies Conference, at MIT and Bloomberg Businessweek named him one of Tech’s Best Young Entrepreneurs in 2008. He spoke at the Wireless Influencers and South by Southwest, many a time and attended the DEMO Mobile 2013, as the judge and the panel member. In 2015, his total wealth was estimated to be US$5.3 billion by Forbes.

Soichiro Honda : The Founder of the Honda Motor Company

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Some achievers are not only achievers but are also the trendsetters. Those trendsetters bring a revolution in their field and get their name registered in the history for their contribution to the world. One such trendsetter is the Japnese Engineer, Soichiro Honda. It would be difficult to find even a single person who is not aware of Honda Motors or hasn’t seen a Honda vehicle. The owner of the company of 100,000 people, did not have an easy ride, but without struggles, there can’t be any progress.

Early Life

Honda was born to a blacksmith, Gihei and a weaver, Mika, on November 17, 1906. His father ran a bicycle repair business. Honda was never interested in the traditional education and used to forge his family’s stamp on the school grade reports, using a rubber bicycle pedal cover. Honda once went to see a demonstration of an aeroplane, that made him fascinated about machines and grew a love for them.

Soichiro Honda
Image Source: youberelentless.com

Career

Honda’s career did not start very smooth. He was just 15, when he moved to Tokyo, and joined a motor garage, as a mechanic. He worked there for over six years. In 1928, he moved back to his hometown and started his own repair business, at the age of 22. He became more interested in automobiles and motor machines, becoming engaged among new experiments with the engines.

Building Honda Motor Co. Ltd.

In 1937, he started producing piston rings for the major car manufacturing Toyota, under his newly founded company, T?kai Seiki. After two years, the second world war occurred and two of his factory plants, of T?kai Seiki, got destroyed in a US B-29 bomber attack (1944) and in an earthquake (1945). After selling the salvageable remains of the company to Toyota, for ¥450,000, in October 1946, he founded the Honda Technical Research Institute. He became the president of the company and stayed the one until he retired in 1973.

Honda designed a mass-produced engine, that he used in the Type A motorised bicycles, that his company sold till 1951. In 1949, he manufactured the first model in the Dream series of motorcycles, that became a landmark of Japanese Automotive Technology. Just in a few years, his company’s turnover was in billions, and it became an MNC, producing the bestselling bikes, in the world. Soon, his company motorcycles were competing with the sales of Triumph and Harley-Davidson. Honda Motors opened its first abroad plant in the US, in 1959.

Even after he retired from his post of President in 1973, he remained as the director of the company and became the supreme advisor of the company, in 1983.

Personal Life & Death

Honda was married to Sachi Honda till his death. His only son, Hirotoshi Honda, followed his lead and became an entrepreneur. He was the CEO of Mugen Motorsports, that produced original racing vehicles.

Honda was very active as a sports person even at the age of 77. He and his wife loved outdoor activities like golf, hang-gliding, ballooning and skiing. On August 5, 1991, Soichiro Honda died, due to liver failure.

Honda has made an impact on the industry of personal motor vehicles and was listed, among the 25 most intriguing of People magazine, in 1980. He was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, in 1991, and even got established Soichiro Honda Medal by ASME, in his name. The medal is given for the outstanding achievements or significant engineering contributions, in the field of personal transport motor manufacturing.

Ma Huateng : The Wealthiest Man in China & Co-founder of Tencent

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The invention of social media platforms has brought the whole world closer. It has connected millions of people around the globe. The genius minds behind the development of such software and applications, deserve success and they have achieved it. From Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, in the US, to QQ in China, all the social media platforms are receiving a whacking response. Chinese internet entrepreneur, Ma Huateng, founded Tencent, which is the biggest internet firms in China, making him the richest man in China.

Early Life

Ma Huateng was born on 29th October 1971, in Dongfang, Hainan, China. His family moved to Shenzhen, near Hong Kong, as his father was a port manager, in Shenzhen. He enrolled at Shenzhen University, in 1989, to study software engineering, and graduated in 1993, with a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.

Early Career

After graduating, Ma took a job, as a software developer, with China Motion Telecom Development and developed software for pagers. In that job, he made around $176 per month. In his next job, Ma worked in the research and development department, for internet calling services, in Shenzhen Runxun Communications.

Founding Tencent

In 1998, Ma along with his four classmates founded Tencent. Ma had participated in a presentation, for ICQ, which was the world’s first internet instant messaging service, started by an Israeli company. In February 1999, Tencent launched its first ever product. The product was a similar version of ICQ, but with Chinese interface, and was named OICQ (where O stands for Open). This software received a huge response, and it gained more than a million registered users, just in the first year of its launch. OICQ, soon, became one of the largest internet instant messaging services, in China.

Ma-Huateng
Image Source: moneyinc.com

The early days of Tencent were hard and full of struggle, for all the four co-founders. In the beginning, the company was funded through the money they earned in the share market. The first few years proved to be crucial for the survival, and Ma took various roles, from janitor to website designer, in the company, during that time. Tencent’s initial services included e-mail and internet paging services.

After the launch of OICQ, there were several controversies, and Tencent also faced a lawsuit from America Online (AOL). After acquiring ICQ, AOL filed a lawsuit against Tencent, in the United States, and claimed that OICQ’s domain names OICQ.com and OICQ.net, violated ICQ’s intellectual property rights. Tencent loss the lawsuit, and also suffered heavy costs. They had to shut down both the websites. Soon, Ma changed the name of the software to QQ and decided to expand his business horizon.

Tencent became the largest instant messaging service, in China by 2004 and also launched an online gaming platform, which attracted more than a million online gaming people. The company also launched WeChat, in 2015, after they conducted a competition between two teams of engineers. WeChat is one of the largest instant messaging apps, used all over the world. Ma also plans to launch an internet hospital that will provide long-distance diagnosis and medicine delivery services to the needy.

Personal Life

Ma Huateng is also popularly known by his nickname Pony. The name is derived from the English translation of his family name, which translates to ‘horse’. He serves in the 12th National People’s Congress and is a great supporter of the Government. He believes in: “Ideas are not important in China – execution is.” He was awarded Innovative CEO of the Year, in 2015. He owns a palatial residence in Hong Kong and also supports charity.

Ted Turner : The American Media Tycoon and Co-founder of CNN

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In every century, there comes a person who brings a revolution to the world and the world witness a new wave of development, after such revolutions. A similar person revolutionized the television industry from 1980 onwards. From starting a 24-hour news channel to broadcasting films, sitcoms and gifting the children with their favourite cartoon channel, this man named Ted Turner, is a television and media magnate.

Early Life

Born on 19th November 1938, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Ted Turner’s original name is Robert Edward Turner III. He was born to parents Robert Edward (Ed) Turner Jr. and Florence (Rooney) Turner. He was the eldest child in the family. His father owned a company, Turner Advertising, which sold billboard ads. His father suffered from bipolar disorder, experiencing mood swings, and vented out his anger on young Ted. After years Ted found out that he too suffered from bipolar disorder just like his father.

Ted was left alone in the Cincinnati boarding school after his father signed up for Navy when World War II broke out. Ed came back after the war and moved to Savannah, Georgia, with his family. He enrolled Ted into Georgia Military Academy. Ted attended McCallie boarding school, in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he received military training. He wanted to attend the United States Naval Academy, but his father wanted him to attend Harvard. Due to low grades, he had to join the Brown University, in 1956. In 1959, Ted was kicked out of the University for having a woman in his dorm room. He could not earn his diploma and the same year his parents, too, got divorced.

The beginning of Business Career

Ted, then came back South, in 1960, and took up the position of general manager at his father’s company. He was the general manager of Macon, Georgia branch of Turner Advertising. Just in his first year, Ted showed tremendous growth and doubled the revenue of the company. But soon, the company was in a difficult financial condition, when his father bought the company’s competitor, in 1962. This led him into depression and he committed suicide, in March 1963.

Ted Turner
Image Source: Forbes

After this shocking incident, Ted engrossed himself more in work. He took the positions of president and CEO at the age of 24, and consequently, made the company a global enterprise. The company boosted in financial profits and was considered to have a monopoly in Savannah, Macon, Columbia, and Charleston. In 1969, Ted bought several Southern radio stations and renamed the company as Turner Communications. He sold the radio stations and purchased a couple of struggling television stations. By 1970, Ted Turner became famous as the owner of the largest advertising company, in the southeastern United States. His investment in television channels proved highly profitable as he believed that people wanted several choices. He also purchased rights to old movies, sitcoms, and some cartoons.

But it was in 1976, that a big leap occurred when the FCC gave him the permission to use satellite technology to transmit content to local cable providers. This led Turner to reach an even larger audience. Now, with more audience base and even more broadcasting options, Turner changed the company’s name yet again to Turner Broadcasting Company. He was constantly on the lookout for new business ideas and expanding his broadcasting to larger and larger audiences. It was in the late 1970s when he came up with an idea of starting a 24-hour news network. And in 1980, he launched Cable News Network (CNN) with the help of Reese Schonfeld who was then appointed as the first president and chief executive officer of the channel.

Throughout the years, Turner was constantly investing to expand his business horizon. In 1976, Turner acquired Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and in 1992, he launched Cartoon Network, which went on to grow one of the most famous cartoon channels, all over the world. In the same year, he launched Turner Network Television and Turner Classic Movies, which made him the leader in both television and internet fields. In 1996, he sold his company to Time Warner for a whopping $7.5 billion. He ventured into yet entirely new business just the next year i.e. a steakhouse serving bison named Ted’s Montana Grill.

Personal Life

Ted Turner married three times and is divorced all the three times. He is the father of five children from his first two marriages. Two from his first wife, Judy Gale, and three from his second wife, Jane Shirley Smith. His most famous marriage was with the actress Jane Fonda, that lasted for ten years and broke over religious disagreements. He is known as the individual owner of largest land in North America.

Robert Noyce : Co-Founder of Intel & Co-Inventor of the Integrated Circuit

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A scuba diver, a pilot, an inventor and what not? Known as the Mayor of the Silicon Valley, the legendary inventor Robert Noyce made his mark in the history of Semiconductors. Noyce was a sharp student and had shown his traits as an inventor, from his childhood. From building a boy-sized aircraft to creating a transistor from scratch, he always loved playing with machines. Having a sharp mind, he also gained the name Rapid Robert from his classmates. This remarkable physicist had brought a revolution in the field of personal computers with its the first integrated circuit and gave Silicon Valley its name.

Early Life

Robert was born to Rev. Ralph Brewster Noyce and Harriet May Norton, on 12 December 1927, in Burlington, Iowa. He was the third of his three siblings, Donald Sterling Noyce, Gaylord Brewster Noyce and Ralph Harold Noyce. Noyce was a brilliant student, and was also, good at other co-curricular activities like sports, acting and singing. He completed his high school from Grinnell High School and enrolled himself into the physics course in Grinnell College. During his school days, he excelled in mathematics. Later, he joined MIT and received a PhD in solid-state physics in 1953.

Early Career

During his PhD, Noyce found his interest in transistors. After the completion of his PhD, he joined Philco Corporation in Philadelphia as the research engineer. In 1956, he left the job at Philco and joined the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, California, owned by the co-inventor of transistor and Nobel prize winner, William Shockley. He worked there for a year and left the company with the infamous ‘traitorous eight’ on having a dispute with William Shockley, on his way of working.

Founding Intel

After quitting the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, he co-founded a semiconductor company named Fairchild Semiconductor, with Sherman Fairchild, the owner of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, in 1957. At Fairchild Semiconductor, Noyce co-invented the first Integrated Circuit built with Silicon. During the invention of this IC, he also developed a planar process, that made it easy to develop the transistors at a lower cost.

Robert Noyce
Image Source: thefamouspeople.com

Working for 9-long years, Noyce left the Fairchild Semiconductors and co-founded NM Electronics, with his former co-worker, Gordon Moore, from Shockley Semiconductor Labs, in 1968. Later, NM Electronics was renamed to Intel Corporation. Noyce served as the President of Intel till 1975 and in 1978, chaired the board of directors of Intel, till 1978.

The team intel invented the first commercially successful product, the 3101 Schottky bipolar 64-bit static random access memory (SRAM) chip, in May 1969. In 1971, Intel made the first single-chip microprocessor in the world, that made Intel more famous, that ignited the personal computer revolution.

Noyce was popular for his working style and employee administration, that was the main reason of his leaving the Shockley Semiconductor Labs. He provided the employees with rewards and bonuses to encourage teamwork. He created a relaxed working environment for the employees, and avoided any type of luxuries, to maintain equality among every employee.

In 1978, he left Intel and joined the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) as the chairman. In 1988, Noyce decided to get retired and established an association named SEMATECH, a semiconductor manufacturing consortium with the help of SIA and held the position of the President of the company.

Personal Life and Death

Noyce married Elizabeth Bottomley in 1953 and had four children with her. The two got divorced in 1974. Noyce on 27 November 1974, got married to Ann Schmaltz Bowers, who became the first Director of Personnel for Intel Corporation.

On 3 June 1990, Noyce died of heart attack, at the age of 62.

In his life, Noyce kept himself busy in various inventions and got his name recorded as a great inventor. He received many awards for his contribution to the technology, including the Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1966, IEEE Medal of Honor in 1978, National Medal of Science in 1979 and National Medal of Technology in 1987.