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Henry Ford : The Founder of Ford Motor Company

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“Follow your passion. Following your passion will lead you to the road of success.” the most common saying that we hear today. But how many of us have the courage to do that? Only a few are there who recognise their passion and pursue it to find self-satisfaction. One such prominent personality was Henry Ford, the founder and the first chief engineer of Ford Motor Company. Henry’s passion was his love for the machines, and his passion gave inspiration to many, as his only interest led him to build an empire which is one of the biggest automobile manufacturers, today.

Early Life

Henry Ford was born on 30 July 1863, in Greenfield Township, Michigan, in a farmer’s family. His fathers family belonged to England, and his mother’s parents had moved from Belgian to Michigan. In his early childhood, he was introduced to many types of machinery used in farming, and the time he became a teenager, he became more interested in the machinery repair work than farming. He used to dismantle and repair the timepieces and became a pro at it.

henry ford
Image Source: thehenryford.org

His love for machines led him to move to Detroit and join the James F. Flower & Bros. as an apprentice machinist. Later, he joined the Detroit Dry Dock Co. at the same position.

Though he was never interested in farming, he had to move back to his hometown to work on his family farms. Here too, except the farming work, he was more involved in the other machinery work. In the same time, he learned to operate the Westinghouse portable steam engine and was appointed by Westinghouse to service their steam engine.

Career

As Henry was always interested in working with the machines, with his interest he had developed great skills, too. In 1982, to pursue his dream career he started working with the Edison Illuminating Company of Detroit as an engineer. Within two years, he was promoted as the Chief Engineer in the company. He had gained enough experience and was earning good money too, so he started experimenting with his own projects and was able to build a self-propelled vehicle naming it the Ford Quadricycle.

On 5 August 1899, Henry founded Detroit Automobile Company and launched another vehicle financed by Detroit-based businessperson William H. Murphy. Since the company could not provide the best quality of vehicles, the company was shut within two years of its inception, in January 1901.

In the month of October the same year, Henry built another 26-horsepower automobile. The vehicle was of high quality and encouraged the shareholders of the Detroit Automobile Company to invest in another newly built company named Henry Ford Company, established on 30 November 1901, where Ford became the chief engineer. But in the very next year, due to some dispute, Henry left the company.

Leaving the company did not stop Henry from manufacturing vehicles, and in 1902, he, with the help of former racing cyclist Tom Cooper, manufactured the 80+ horsepower racer “999” that participated and won a race, in the same year.

Founding Ford Motor Company

The success of “999” was enough to attract more investors, and that is what happened next. Alexander Y. Malcomson partnered with Henry to form Ford & Malcomson, Ltd. to manufacture an inexpensive automobile. Soon, other investors including Dodge Brothers also partnered with Henry and Malcomson, and they incorporated the company as Ford Motor Company, on 16 June 1903, with a capital of $28,000. The next model from the company set a new land speed record at 91.3 miles per hour that drove on the ice of Lake St. Clair.

It was the race driver Barney Oldfield who became the most important person in terms of marketing of the cars produced by the company, as he drove the “999” around the country.

The next popular model that the company produced was the T model, having a cost of around $825 (1908). It was the first car model that had steering on the left, and the engine and other machine parts were enclosed under the metal covers. The design was impressive, and various other companies copied the design.

In 1914, the recorded sales passed 250,000 units, and in 1916, sales reached 472,000. In 1927, the final total production of the T model was 15,007,034, which set a record that stayed for the next 45 years.

By the year 1918, Henry acquired the sole ownership of the company. The next hit model that the company produced was the model A, introduced in December 1927.

Henry was not only a visionary inventor but was also an excellent entrepreneur. He tried to get everything under one-roof and tried to avoid any kind of dependence on any other company. He had established an empire where he could manufacture the products from scratch. He always supported the economic independence of the United States.

In 1911, he established the first two international Ford plants in Britain and Canada, followed by the establishment of the other plants in Germany, Australia, India, and France, by the year 1920.

During the first World War Henry also invested in the aviation industry and built the most successful aircraft, the Ford 4AT Trimotor. The company also acquired the Stout Metal Airplane Company. In 1927. The Smithsonian Institution has honoured Ford for changing the aviation industry. In 1933, the aviation wing of the Ford Company was shut down due to the sales issues.

During the war, Henry was one of the 170 peace leaders who were against the war and was making efforts to stop it. In the second World War, too, he opposed America’s participation in the war.

After the death of his son Edsel Ford, in May 1943, who was also serving as the President of the company, the company started facing a kind of decline. Henry had left the Presidency over twenty years ago, and due to his son’s death, he reconsidered to regain the post. Although due to his health issues, there were only a handful of people who wanted him to take the position, he was chosen with majority votes as the President of the company. But due to bad health, he appointed his grandson Henry Ford II, as president and the company was back on the track.

Personal Life & Death

Henry had married Clara Jane Bryant on April 11, 1888, and had a son Edsel Ford, who later became the President of the Ford Motor Company.

Henry ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate from Michigan in 1918 but lost to the Republican candidate, Truman Newberry with a small margin.

He also took immense interest in the car racing and manufactured cars, especially, to compete in various races. He himself, too, participated in a few car races.

On 7 April 1947, he died of cerebral haemorrhage at Fair Lane at the age of 83.

Ford Henry will always be remembered for his contribution to the automobile industry and the leadership qualities that he possessed. He was a great inventor, and his story is a motivation for many.

Linus Torvalds : The Creator & the Principal Developer of the Linux Kernel

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Necessity is the key to invention, and the story of Linus Torvalds is the greatest proof to that. A student and an enthusiast programmer from Helsinki University started working on his own Operating System when he was unable to buy a basic UNIX system that costed around US$5,000 at that time. Although it was a modest effort of improving the small clone of UNIX, his creativity and curiosity led him to build a whole new and free OS software, Linux, which accidentally became an alternative to the Microsoft monopoly.

Early Life

Linus Torvalds was born on 28 December 1969 in Helsinki, Finland. His father Nils Torvalds and mother Anna Torvalds, both worked as journalists. His parents named him after the Nobel Prize-winning American chemist, Linus Pauling. Torvalds was 11 years old when he got familiar with computers and the BASIC programming language. This was the time when he grew an interest in computers and coding. Soon, he was able to write codes for his own assembler and editor, as Finland was not a place where software were easily available. Later, he also developed a few games, including the clone of Pac Man, naming it the Cool Man.

linus-torvalds
Image Source: zdnet.com

Torvalds joined the University of Helsinki in 1988, where he studied Computer Science as his majors. But within the first year of his college, he joined the Finnish Army Uusimaa brigade and completed the 11-month officer training program, as the Second Lieutenant, under the mandatory military service of Finland.

After completing the military training, Torvalds came back to his home town, to resume his college. While in college, he got introduced to Unix for the first time. At the same time, he also started studying a book named ‘Operating Systems: Design and Implementation’, written by the computer science professor Andrew Tanenbaum, which described the educational stripped-down version of Unix, ‘MINIX’.

Founding Linux

In 1991, he bought the Intel 80386-based clone of IBM PC, having a 33MHz Intel 386 processor and a huge 4MB of memory. The system came with the MS-DOS operating system, that according to Torvalds did not do justice with the 386 Intel Processor. As he was already working on UNIX in the college, he was not much comfortable with working on MS-DOS but getting a UNIX copy too expensive. This led him to the other alternative for the OS, and he ordered a copy of MINIX for his system.

MINIX was faster than MS-DOS but still had some flaws. So he decided to make some changes to MINIX in order to improve the OS. To work on the idea, even before receiving his MINIX copy, he went into the depth of Unix and studied books covering all the aspects of the development phase. He started with writing a small piece of code that could improve MINIX. This also became the M.Sc. thesis project for Torvalds, and he titled the project as ‘Linux: A Portable Operating System.’

On Aug. 25, he posted to the internet’s Minix newsgroup, saying, “Hello everybody out there using MINIX – I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like GNU) for 386 (486) AT clones. I’d like any feedback on things people like/dislike in MINIX, as my OS resembles it somewhat.”

Eventually, with great hard work, Torvalds managed to release the first version of the OS, i.e. 1.0, on September 17, followed by the second version, i.e. 2.0, on October 5, in the same year. The second version OS was a text-based user interface and was officially named as Linux. Torvalds put the 0.2 version over FTP and used Stallman’s GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) for his Linux kernel so that other developers could use it and modify it for further improvements.

Developers from across the world also became curious about Linux, started working on the same, resulting in rapid improvements to the platform. Even being a student at Helsinki University, Torvalds was doing really well. The college authorities appointed him as an instructor at the University, which helped him continue his development work for Linux.

By 1996, people started using Linux on their systems, and by 1997, Linux was installed on over three million computers. Organisations like NASA, Dell and IBM were also using Linux. At the same time, Red Hat started building software based on Linux, that boosted the popularity of Linux even more.

In 1999, when Red Hat went public, the company presented Torvalds with stock options in gratitude for his creation, making him an overnight millionaire. Also, when IBM started its research work on Linux in 2001, to support this free software, a few other companies also stepped in to do the same.

Today, Linux is serving those people, who need to use a computer, but cannot and does do not want to spend a huge amount on the other operating systems. According to Torvalds, he started working on Linux for fun, and it is also a fact that for almost a decade, he was working on it for free. Linux, certainly, is the result of his dedication and brilliance.

Personal Life

Torvalds is married to Tove Torvalds and has three daughters. In 2010, he obtained US citizenship. In 2000, he became interested in scuba diving and have received many certificates in the same. He also launched Subsurface, a software for logging and planning scuba dives, in 2011.

In 1998, Torvalds received an EFF Pioneer Award. He also shared the Takeda Award for Social/Economic Well-Being with Richard Stallman and Ken Sakamura. In August 2005, Torvalds received the Vollum Award from Reed College. He also received an honorary doctorate degree from Stockholm University.

Torvalds also founded the distributed version control system Git, in 2005. The system is widely used to track the changes in source code during software development.

The Story of Hatch Apps : The App To Build Apps

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There are rare cases when your honesty and realization of your fundamental duty would have paid you well. Yes, you might have received appreciation from people, but did it become the biggest business idea for you ever?

This is what happened to the Param Jaggi, who is the co-founder of Hatch App. Param Jaggi is of Indian descent, who dropped out of Vanderbilt University at the age of 19, to work for his own self. He was a brilliant student and even invented EcoTube when he was in school at the age of 16. The EcoTube was built under a science project, that used the algae photosynthesis to reduce carbon emissions from cars. The device worked well and Jaggi patented the device in his name. Jaggi’s father is an engineer and wanted him to become a doctor. But as Jaggi was already working for a better cause, i.e., saving the environment, his family never interfered. Jaggi also sold his innovative bio-fuel preparation method to a Fortune 500 company.

AmeliaParam
Image Source: thewholetruthbooth.com

During the same time, he also developed an interest in web development, and later, when he turned 19, he decided to work as a freelancer, as he was already developing web and mobile apps and was earning enough. At that time he was charging $10K to $30 to build simple apps and that too only in a time equal to a weekend. For Jaggi, it had become quite easy to copy paste the similar code in the background of each web app and finish the project within a week. This fact made him think that he was charging way too much for delivering the ‘almost same’ code to every other client. “What’s fundamentally wrong with the software development industry, especially custom development systems, is that they price out products based on your price elasticity”, said Jaggi in an interview.

On the other hand, the other co-founder of Hatch Apps, Amelia Friedman, was also an entrepreneur who started her own business when she was still in college. She was a student of Brown University and was running college-level programs in different languages. At the time she completed her graduate degree, her program had reached to 7 cities, with over 32 different programs.

Founding Hatch Apps

Jaggi was a 19-years old eco-innovator, and Friedman was a self-made entrepreneur. The two got a chance to attend the Halcyon Incubator in Washington, DC, where the two met each other, the very first time. The meeting included the discussion over many things including how Jaggi wanted to bring price stability to the app building industry. And the idea of Hatch Apps was formed.

Jaggi’s plan was clear. He wanted to create a platform, upon which people could build their own apps without paying extra money. In 2015, the two launched Hatch Apps and started working on the basic plan. At the same time, the need for extra funds arisen. So they developed the 2016 Election game in just three days and were able to raise $100,000 for Hatch Apps within a few weeks.

The Hatch Apps is one of its kind, where a user can build apps by just dragging and dropping the elements, without actually knowing the coding behind those elements. During the testing of the app, Jaggi built the first app on Hatch Apps, just in three days even having the deadline of five days.

In March 2017, this software company raised $1.3M in angel funding to launch their product. The company has a team of more than twenty people and charges only $1K a month for app development. For $2K to $5K, customers can implement specific customizations and add-ons.

Jaggi is working as the CEO of Hatch Apps, and Friedman holds the position of the COO of the company. Jaggi has also got his name listed twice in the Forbes “30 Under 30”.

The company is still managing its ways in the market and slowly is getting ahead to earn more consumers. For now, the idea is really innovative and one of its kind, so the future of the company looks quite bright.

Zipcar : The Success Story of One of the Oldest Car-rental Services

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Zipcar has a history even before the car-renting businesses were not even that common. Built by two moms, the idea at the time was unique, and it was their passion that made it successful in just a few months.

Zipcar is an almost 2 decades old company, founded in the year 2000, by Antje Danielson, a Harvard geochemist and Robin Chase, a stay-at-home mom and an MIT business school graduate. The two ladies met each other at their children’s kindergarten, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Both were struggling financially, as Chase had left her job due to the birth of her first child and Danielson was the only working member in her family.

zipcar
Image Source: wright.edu

But as the time was passing both of them wanted to make use of their studies, and as a business graduate, Chase has expressed her desire to start a business with Danielson. Danielson was on the same track and had studied about Switzerland’s Mobility Cooperative, and shared the idea of starting a similar technology based car-rental company, in the US, with Chase. Chase also liked the idea, but it was a big project that included a huge risk. So both talked to their husbands and got the approval for the business.

Finally, in January 2000, both started their car-rental business, Zipcar. Zipcar provided the automobile reservations to its members through charging them a monthly or annual fee. Before incorporating the company, the two had already raised investments for its launch of around $75,000 in startup financing. After they launched the startup, Chase held the position of the president of Zipcar and Danielson became the vice president of the company.

The first rental car from Zipcar went onto the roads in May 2000, and in just three-four months it registered over 600 customers for the service. The company was doing well, but the two co-founders were not going along too well. In 2001, Robin Chase fired Danielson, after Chase petitioned Zipcar’s board for the ability to make hiring and firing decisions without consulting them.

The fire of the co-founder did not impact the company much, and it kept on expanding in New York City and Washington DC. Even the company was expanding, it was unable to secure more funding, and as a result, the board of the company replaced Chase as the CEO of the company with Scott Griffith. Within two years the company was able to raise $10 million in funding led by Benchmark Capital. In the same year, a new office was opened in San Francisco, following by another office in Toronto in the next year. The establishment of Toronto led to the fastest growing market in Toronto for Zipcar.

In late 2006, the company reached London, and in 2007, Zipcar opened an office in Vancouver. In the same year, in the month of October, the company had a merger with Flexcar. After the merger, the company earned over 225,000 members, double the number of the member it had in the previous year.

In June 2009, the company launched its iPhone app, with the features like honking the horn and unlocking some Zipcars. In April 2010, Zipcar acquired the London-based car-sharing club Streetcar.

In 2013, Avis Budget Group acquired Zipcar. In 2014, the company opened its offices in Houston, Dallas TX regions, Greater Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario. In the same year, the company also extended to Paris, France and Madrid, Spain. Zipcar also launched its floating car-sharing service in Brussels, Belgium, in 2016.

Zipcar offers the car rental service for over fifty different car models, even including the luxury car models like Audi and BMW. The company headquarters still remains in Boston, Massachusetts and it has raised to over 500 employees.

The reason behind the success has been that it started through word-of-mouth promotion and had invested well in the technology. The business idea was simple and was based on customer feedback. So in the past two decades, it has grown in a phenomenal way. Even it has been more than a decade for the two co-founders left the company, Zipcar had its own success story. And, the success story of Zipcar shows us that keeping things simple and targeting customer satisfaction is the key to success.

Simon Nixon: The Founder of ‘MoneySuperMarket’

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Today’s market brings so much to its consumers. It’s hard to decide what to choose and why because there is a lot of companies out there selling their products and services. We get to see so many products with almost the same quality and the same prices, making it difficult what to choose. But with every problem comes a solution and for this problem, Moneysupermarket gives you ‘the’ proper solution, giving answers to all your questions. Simon Nixon, the man who gave birth to the company, has a story to be heard which says that following someone’s steps may not always be the right way to success.

Moneysupermarket.com stands out to be a British price comparison website. The work that the site does is that it helps you to compare prices. You can compare prices on a wide range of products be it an insurance or a loan. The company’s aim is to help households save money.

“This ambition is perfectly suited to the times in which we live, given the financial uncertainty that exists at home. We aim to help by shining a light on the best ways, households can take control of their finances. Our objective is to offer consistently competitive prices and deliver a great visitor experience, so that customers find what they want, and think of us first for their future needs”, itself, the site says.

simonnixon
Image Source: standard.co.uk

It all started back when Simon Nixon found his university education really boring. “I hated it. It was boring,” said Simon when asked why he dropped out of his university. He looked into the market the lacks and gaps, and where he could use his mind to fill them up. Eventually, he found out that there were no websites or journals to compare the prices of the products out in the market. He thought to himself, ‘If I didn’t do this, who else will?’ He started a journal-ish thing that had best-but tables in it. Initially, he lent them out for free but as the magazine gained popularity, he started charging 11 Pounds for a monthly subscription. His business became so efficient that only after two years, he started earning more than 10,000 pounds from that magazine only. Nixon named the group working with him as ‘Mortgage 2000.’

He, along with his friend Duncan Cameron, launched an internet site called ‘Moneysupermarket.com’ which updated itself according to the market daily. The site came out to be a huge success as the internet was blooming all over the world and the UK was no exception. Since then, the site only grew and never saw a backdrop. They kept on increasing their range of products that could be compared.

It was 2004 when Simon Nixon launched Travelsupermarket.com. The site was the same as the Moneysupermarket. The difference was that the users could now compare travel related products too. However, Duncan and Simon fell out as the attention diverted away from Mortgage 2000. In 2007, he (Duncan) sold his shares to Simon for 162 Million Pounds. All these years, Duncan stayed as a silent business partner.

Some of the major sales growth of the company was from 2000 to 2002, where the site jumped from 5.4 million to 13.6 million Pounds. The company was listed in London Stock Exchange, and the site was valued at a massive amount of 1 Billion Pounds, at the time of its Initial Public Offering!

In 2009, Simon stepped down from the position of CEO, with Peter Plumb becoming the new CEO. Simon is fond of luxuries. Also, he admits that he doesn’t like doing business for a long time. “I’m scared of doing nothing,” said Simon, during an interview. Simon has a worth of $1.1 Billion. Even after having so much wealth and businesses, Simon prefers to stay quiet when it comes to his personal life, and there are very little details known about it. Now, he invests in different businesses across the world, which gives him access to travel to different parts of the world too.

Simon Nixon, the founder of Moneysupermarket.com shows us that it only takes true passion to reach your goal. Sometimes, hard work may not count up as much as passion does. Also, it isn’t required that you follow a guided roadmap to success, instead, take your own route and make a path of success out of it.

Ubisoft : The Journey of the Leading Video Games Company; From a Small Village to a Global Market

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Video games have seen a great transformation since its commencement. It all started with old 3D tic-tac-toe and Moon Landing games, and now, we see visually rich mission games and numerous small scale Smartphone games, which are really good at their functionalities.

The rise of video games not only provided people with new means of entertainment but has also given the opportunity to many businesses and developers to head into new horizons. The founders of the company Ubisoft also founded their passion in the same field, and now they are the owner of the third biggest video game development company.

Origin

Five brothers, Christian, Claude, Gérard, Michel and Yves, from the Guillemot family of northwest France founded Ubisoft in 1986. In the beginning, the Guillemot brothers had joined their family business. They started working even before they started going to University and had gained enough experience to start their own business.

ubisoft
Image Source: sharkone

Before Ubisoft, the Guillemot brothers had tried their hands in many other businesses. As their family business was based on farming, there was a real less margin in the business. Soon, they realised that the farming industry was not paying much and was going through a decline. So, the first business they did out of farming was selling audio CDs, as these were the latest trend in the market. The business was good, and soon, they were able to deal in personal computers and established a small shop.

The trade was going well, and along with selling computers, they also sold things that were needed in farming. The Guillemot then stocked up video games in the shop and installed 20 machines to play video games at the shop. In 1980, they shifted from buying the video games from France market to the US’s, as it was much cheaper to buy those video games from the US. This led to a huge difference in the profits, and as a result, the five brothers started another new business. In 1984, they founded Guillemot Informatique and began the mail-order business around computers and software.

By the year 1985, they were earning good profits through video games and realised that they can have much more of that if they start developing video games by themselves.

Founding Ubisoft

Guillemot brothers founded Ubisoft in Carentoir, in Brittany, on 12 March 1986. Ubisoft is the acronym for Ubiquitous Software, and formally, it was named as Ubisoft Entertainment S.A. For the development purpose, they gathered a team of developers from their neighbouring places and set up their first office in a chateau in Carentoir.

For two years of the startup, the brothers continued operating their company from the chateau only, but it was way expensive to maintain the office. So many of their developers relocated to Paris. One of their first recruited staff, Michel Ancel, who also returned to his hometown in the same year, came back with another developer Frederic Houde with a prototype of a game with highly-animated features in 1994.

The prototype caught the immediate attention of Guillemot brothers, and in 1994, they started working on the same, making it the prime project of the company. They also set up an office in Montreuil and hired 100 developers to work on the project. Finally, in 1995, Ubisoft launched its first hit video game Rayman, which targeted the new line of fifth-generation consoles, like the Atari Jaguar and PlayStation. The instant success of the game made the company popular worldwide.

The game was a huge hit, and only in one year, Ubisoft went for its IPO, in 1996, and raised over US$80 million in funds. The company also expanded to other worldwide cities, including Annecy, Shanghai, Montreal, and Milan, in a span of four years from its inception.

With the expansion of the internet in 1999, the Guillemot brothers found another opportunity to widen the growth of Ubisoft in the US market, too. They, then founded Gameloft, an online game publisher, in 1999. In the year 2000, Ubisoft acquired an American video game development company Red Storm Entertainment, that too, helped Ubisoft to expand in the American market, bringing titles like Tom Clancy’s Ghost Recon and Tom Clancy’s Rainbow Six series.

The success in the US market led Ubisoft to work with companies like Microsoft, at the time, when no one was ready to develop games for Xbox. With Microsoft, Ubisoft brought games like Halo and Ghost Recon, etc.

As of 2017, the estimated valuation of the company was registered at $6.4 billion. Currently, the company owns several video game studios across the world. The company gets the credits of many popular games to its name, including Assassin’s Creed, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rayman, Raving Rabbids, and Tom Clancy’s.

As of March 2018, it is the fourth largest publicly-traded game company in America and Europe after Activision Blizzard, Electronic Arts, and Take-Two Interactive in terms of revenue and market capitalisation.