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TCS

TCS: The Indian IT Service Company, One of the Best in the World.

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The beginning of computers and information technology was a time when everybody wanted to get an advantage from it. TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) is one of those companies, which began its journey at the time when the computer had just started to become famous, and after more than 50 years of its inception, TCS has grown as much as the IT industry. From India, it has reached more than 140 countries, where it is helping other companies with their IT problems. TCS is known for its software development work for the banking sector and the development of electronic depositories.

TCS, The Company

TCS  is a multinational IT company, with its headquarter situated in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The company is the subsidiary of the famous Tata Group of India. It provides IT services and consulting to its wide range of customers worldwide. TCS, with its innovative ways of working, has become the second-largest Indian company by market capitalization and is always counted among the topmost IT service companies. The Company runs its operations in over 50 countries through its 280 offices as well as has 147 delivery centers in 21 countries. The company has got its name listed in the Forbes and Fortune lists in different categories multiple times.

TCS
Image Source: allvectorlogo.com

Products and Services

The Company provides its services in 67 different categories in IT itself. The company is into software and application development, consulting, business process outsourcing, payment processing, technology education services, asset leverage solutions, cloud infrastructure, enterprise solutions, etc. The company also includes its in-house developed software products named TCS BaNCS and TCS MasterCraft.

The Foundational Story

On 1st April 1968, the already established Tata Sons started TCS as Tata Computer Systems to enter the computer industry and become a part of the IT revolution. At the very beginning, TCS was providing punched card services to Tata’s other subsidiary company TISCO. By 1975, the company started to serve foreign companies, and it developed its first electronic depository and trading system, SECOM, for a Swiss company.

System X from TCS automated the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for a Canadian company. In 1980, TCS founded Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC) in Pune, an institution dedicated to the software research and development process. The company also worked on a high complexity project, an end-to-end advanced system to manage customer relationships, for Western Trust and Savings Limited (WTSL). This project provided enough experience to the company for handling much tougher projects. The next year, TCS established India’s first client-dedicated offshore development center.

TCS in 1982 came with its flagship product, the Advanced Data Dictionary (ADDICT), a repository for storing project information to make the users understand the design of an entire project and its processes. In 1984, TCS launched the Falcon (Fast Access Local Computer Network).

In 1987, the company established the IBM mainframe Center of Excellence in Madras and also introduced a software engineering tool named Casepac for IBM Mainframes. CAD also came into existence during the same time, which led TCS to step into the engineering software services.

In 1988, TCS launched multiple software products, including Masterkey suite, PRISM, and Integrated Standard Banking System. TCS bagged a project worth $10 million from the Swiss Security Clearing Corporation (SEGA) to build a real-time domestic and cross-border securities clearing and settlement system.

In the 90s, TCS started to build programs that would ease out the working of various institutions. The company came out with E.X., ‘world’s friendliest business accounting software, a trading platform for the National Stock Exchange and Network Custody System (NCS). Later NCS became one of the most popular TCS products. The company is credited for the fastest implementation of a depository system in the world. The system was the first electronic depository in India and was developed only in five months. TCS is the pioneer of the concept of the software factory. It was the first company to provide the solution for Y2K conversion in the late 90s. 

In 2004, TCS started to trade as a public company. By 2008, the company had become the first Indian IT company to enter the bioinformatics market and was reaching revenues worth US$500 annually. In 2013, TCS partnered with the Indian Post and handled a project worth ₹1100 crore for the latter. As of 2020, TCS has become the world’s most valuable IT company. Currently, over 469,261 employees are working for TCS across the world.

The CEO: Rajesh Gopinathan

Rajesh Gopinathan is serving as the Chief Executive Officer of TCS since February 2017. He completed his graduation in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli, and a post-graduate diploma in Management from IIM Ahmedabad. Gopinathan started his career with Tata Strategic Management Group in 1996, and in 2001, he got transferred to the TCS’s e-business unit in the USA, where he worked till 2013. In 2013, he became the Chief Financial Officer of TCS.

América Móvil

América Móvil – A Telecommunication Conglomerate founded by Mexico’s topmost billionaire.

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Founded in 1986, América Móvil is one of the largest telecommunication corporations in the world. The company is based in Mexico City and was founded by Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim. Through the last thirty-five years, América Móvil has successfully expanded its business through strategic plans and acquisitions. The company is one of the global leaders in wireless telecommunication, especially in Latin America. The company believes in providing better services and at the same time closely monitoring the company’s costs and expenses.

This Mexican company is based on the number of equity subscribers and is the largest Central American fixed-line operator. At the beginning of 2019, the company had more than 200 million wireless subscribers and around 84 million fixed revenue-generating units. The company receives half of its annual revenue from Mexico because of its Mexican subsidiary Telcel, the largest Mexican mobile operator. The América Móvil history dates back to the 1980s, so let’s have a look into it.

América Móvil before 2000

If speaking about the history of the company, it actually dates back to 1956 when Publicidad Turistica, an affiliate of Telmex was established. The company published telephone directories which in 1981 started installing and operating wireless telephone systems in Mexico. This company started working under the Telcel trademark in 1989. In the following years, Telcel started expanding as Telmex became a private company and its service quality dropped as well. In 1999, Telcel introduced a PCS system in Mexico and by the summer of 2000, the company had almost 9 out of 12 million cellular phone subscribers in the nation.

The Company in 21st century

While Telmex began acquiring new subsidiaries, the company decided to spin-off América Móvil as an independent company. During that time, América Móvil was Latin America’s largest mobile service provider. After América Móvil became an independent entity, the company was listed on stock exchanges in Mexico City, Madrid, and New York. Since Telcel was already booming, it formed the base of América Móvil. América Móvil eventually expanded its business and formed partnerships with Bell Canada International Inc. and SBC Communications Inc. They together formed a consortium called Telecom Americas Ltd.

América Móvil
Image Source: newsinamerica.com

This consortium was build to develop wireless communication and establish broadband in South America. In June 2002, Bell Canada International sold its 39 percent stake of the consortium to América Móvil. This time the business was booming in Brazil and also expanded to Venezuela, Argentina, and Columbia. The company had always focused on winning over mass customers by offering cheap fixed plans for a fixed number of minutes. The main idea of América Móvil was to get as many people as possible to have access to mobile phones. During this time the company’s expenses were ruthless but soon Slim’s lieutenants proceeded with a much better and strategic plan.

Acquisitions and Expansions

América Móvil eventually started making acquisitions and one of the biggest on the list was acquiring Brazilian BCP S.A. The acquisition was done for $643 million and after this América Móvil became the second-largest mobile phone operator in Brazil. In 2005, the company made a partnership with Ooredoo and in 2007 it acquired a Jamaican mobile operator, Oceanic Digital which was under the brand name MiPhone. The company operates under many brand names such as Straight Talk, Total Wireless, Telcel America, etc. This year, the company has decided to sell Tracfone to Verizon. América Móvil has nearly 2 lakh employees distributed across America and Europe.

Carlos Slim – The Founder

Born in 1940, Carlos Slim belonged to a family who was a part of a small yet prosperous Lebanese Christian community. Carlson’s father started investing in real estate and became a very rich man. Carlos was very interested in his father’s business and he took his father’s place in the company when he was only thirteen years old. Carlos studied civil engineering and worked as a stock trader in Mexico. With the money he earned as a stock trader he opened his own firm, Bursatil. In the early 1980s, during the peso crisis, Carlos bought a number of companies at depressed values and this turned his future.

Carlos Slim Founder of América Móvil
Image Source: nytimes.com

One of the companies he bought was América Móvil and under his leadership, the company made some strategic acquisitions and expanded in many other countries. Carlos says that it’s not his deep knowledge in telecommunication that made América Móvil a success but the strategy of reinvesting the profits into the business itself judiciously for growth.

AutoDesk

AutoDesk: The Company that Rules the 3D Graphics Technology Industry

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The computer started its journey as a calculator, and today, there are unlimited tasks that we can perform using this amazing device. Thanks to the various software development companies that have helped us with our major routine works. From keeping a journal online, people can do business online, everything is now possible with this software. One such software company that has been actively providing software solutions to its diverse client base is AutoDesk. AutoDesk is mainly known for its flagship product AutoCAD, but apart from that, AutoDesk has credited the development of software for multiple industries.

The Foundational Story of AutoDesk

AutoDesk was founded in 1982, and the first product that the company launched was AutoCAD. This revolutionary product was enough to help AutoDesk to grow as a leader in the 3D software development industry but other than that, AutoDesk has also launched various other software for different fields. AutoDesk has a long list of clients, and big names like Tesla and One World Trade Center are some of them. The company serves in the area of manufacturing, architecture, building, construction, media, and entertainment industries.  

AutoDesk
Image Source: worldkings.org

AutoDesk Products

The most famous product from AutoDesk is Computer-aided design (CAD), a software used in drafting technical and engineering drawings. Apart from CAD, the company has launched Autodesk Life Sciences, Autodesk Construction Cloud, Civil 3D, Fabrication CADmep, Maya, 3ds Max, Arnold, Autodesk ImageStudio, AutoDesk Revit, etc. It also has its Autodesk suites, subscription, and web services, including the Autodesk Cloud, Autodesk Labs, and Global Engineering.

AutoDesk deals in different categories, including Platform Solutions and Emerging Business (PSEB), Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC), genetic engineering, construction, and manufacturing, etc. Each category has its different products that are used in diverse fields. The company also offers certification and training programs in Autodesk Certified User and Advanced Certified Professional categories for students.

History of the Company

The history of AutoDesk dates back to 1982 when John Walker, along with twelve programmers, collected US$59,000 to start Autodesk. All the programmers started to work on different software, which they would launch for the designers, and the first product they came up with was InteractCAD (old name for AutoCAD). The software was developed to run on the microcomputers of that time. Michael Riddle wrote the code for InteractCAD, but later, John Walker bought the rights for the software from Riddle for a sum of US$10 million.

AutoCAD was a powerful product that changed the face of designing for all. Eventually, the company started to grow at a very fast pace. In just four years, the company grew from thirteen people to 255 employees. Along with employee strength, the annual profit had also risen to $40 million. In 1985, the company became public, and another version of CAD, the AutoCAD 2.1, came in 1986. The software was open for third-party developers as well, so they could add more functionalities to it. In 1989, the recorded annual revenue of the company was around $100,000,000.

In the 90s, the company started to focus on other industries like architecture, civil engineering, and manufacturing and started to make new software. AutoDesk acquired Softdesk in 1997. By this time, the company has discontinued the development of AutoCAD for DOS, Unix environment, and the Apple Macintosh platform, and the only platform that the company was focusing on was Microsoft Windows. During the same time, AutoDesk brought some non-AutoCAD software, including Revit (from Revit Technologies) and Inventor.

Since its inception, AutoDesk has made multiple acquisitions. Some of its acquired companies include Gentry Systems, Buzzsaw, Revit Technology Corporation, CAiCE Software Corporation, Linius Technologies, MechSoft, NavisWorks Limited, Robobat, BIMWorld, Illuminate Labs, Blue Ridge Numerics, Inc., Firehole Technologies, etc.

 The Founder

John Walker is a well-known programmer who founded AutoDesk, along with twelve other programmers, in 1982. People who worked with him call him one of the most brilliant programmers of all time. He served as the AutoDesk chairman and president for a period of four years. After that, he resigned from his post to work as a programmer in the same company. In 1994, Walker resigned from AutoDesk and moved to Switzerland.

Walker has written a book, The Autodesk File, published in 1989. He is also credited for writing one of the first computer viruses, ANIMAL software, in 1974-75. He also founded Marinchi, a hardware integration manufacturing company.

The Company Today

The Current CEO of AutoDesk is Andrew Anagnost. The company headquarters at San Rafael, California, United States. As of 2020, 10,300 employees are working for the company in its various branches across the globe. The total recorded revenue of the company as of 2020 was US$3.27 billion.

ASM International

ASM International: The Biggest contributors in the Growth of Semiconductor Technology

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The semiconductor chips or we simply call them the ICs, have transformed the world of information technology. The founding of the ICs has opened doors for many who wanted to try their hands on a new career through innovation. ASM is one such name that came into being during the time when the semiconductor industry started to pave its way. And today, the names ASM and semiconductor technology go hand-in-hand. The company started as a sales agent in semiconductor fabrication technology, and now, ASM is known as the pioneer of new semiconductor technologies like Photolithography, Epitaxy, Ion implantation, and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

ASM International

ASM has been functioning since 1968, the time when semiconductor technology was at its beginning too. The company has been working as a manufacturer of semiconductor wafer processing equipment for the fabrication of semiconductor devices.  The working of ASM includes designing, manufacturing, sales, and service of the semiconductor wafers. ASM International shines as one of the leaders in the industry and serves in various fields, including communications, entertainment, energy, transport, and medicine.

ASM International
Image Source: telegraaf.nl

The Origin of the Company

Arthur Del Prado founded AMS International as Advanced Semiconductor Materials in 1964 in Bilthoven, the Netherlands. He founded the company behind his house in a small shed, where he developed one of the first products of the company. In the very beginning, Advanced Semiconductor Materials was a sales office for semiconductor fabrication technology. In 1968, it registered as a private limited company.

In the next ten years, in 1970, ASM started its own designing and manufacturing unit for chemical vapor deposition equipment. With the hard work of Prado, ASM acquired a semiconductor molds manufacturing company Fico Toolings in 1974. The company also established its first international office in Hong Kong in 1975, which is known as ASM Pacific Technology today. In 1976, ASM had another office opened in Phoenix, Arizona.

In May 1981, ASM had its first IPO, and it was listed on Nasdaq. Del Prado believed in innovation and started to invest in new technologies like lithography, ion implantation, epitaxy, and wire bonding. This helped the company to grow at an even faster pace. The company then, in 1988, divested ASML Holding N.V. and ASM Ion Implant and ASM Fico to Berliner Electro Holding in 1993.

Different branches of ASM started to focus on diverse technologies to achieve faster results. The ASM Europe was working on the vertical low-pressure chemical vapor deposition furnaces, ASM Japan focused on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and ASM America targetted the single wafer epitaxy.

At the beginning of the 2000s, the company was working on the 300-mm wafer technology and atomic layer deposition and introduced the latter in 2007. ASM was among the top ten global companies in the first Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Spectrum study, 2006. The 45nm node and the Pulsar ALD tool from ASM became the first system to be used in the high-volume manufacturing of devices using a new hafnium-based high-k dielectric material. In 2009, the company headquarters was shifted from Bilthoven to Almere, the Netherlands. Currently, the company is working on device geometries of 10nm and below.

The Founder: Arthur del Prado

Arthur del Prado is the name of the legend who has a great contribution to the field of the semiconductor industry. He was born on 17 November 1931 in Dutch East Indies. During the Second World War, he got separated from his family and was locked in a Japanese camp as a teenager. But fortunately, he met his family again after the war was over.

ASM International Founder
Image Source: asm.com

Del Prado joined the University of Twente and studied chemistry, and later, went to the University of Amsterdam to pursue a degree in economics. He also went for further studies at Harvard Business School in 1954. He came back to the Netherlands in 1958, and in 1964, he founded ASM International. Del Prado served ASM as the Chief Executive Officer until 2008 and as the Chairman until 2016. He passed away in September 2016 at the age of 85.

ASM Today

ASM International is known to be the biggest contributor to the growth of the semiconductor industry. The company is currently having its various branches in 16 different countries, and over 2337 employees are working for it. ASM is the major producer of the products in the Atomic Layer Deposition, Epitaxy, Chemical Vapor Deposition categories. Benjamin Loh is the current CEO of ASM International.

Ericsson

Ericsson: From Telephone Equipment Makers to the Biggest Player in Networking and Telecommunications

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The Generation after World War 2 and before the beginning of the new century has witnessed the biggest technology revolution in the history of technology. But few companies have been there from the beginning, and as a part of the revolution, they have contributed a lot than just watching things change. One such company, which has over 49000 patents in its name and has been adding its share to the development process for more than 150 years, is Ericsson. The company is one of the leaders in networking and telecommunications, constantly providing something to the ongoing technology revolution.

About the Company

Ericsson is a Sweden-based multinational telecommunication company. The company headquarters in Stockholm and has multiple offices in different countries. Ericsson is known for its contribution to the development of wireless technology and is also the founder of Bluetooth technology. It has 27% of share in the world’s 2G, 3G, and 4G networks, and currently, it is emerging as the biggest 5G technology provider. Ericsson also deals in software development and infrastructure development in ICT for telecommunications operators, development of equipment for traditional telecommunications, Internet Protocol (IP) networking, mobile and fixed broadband, cable TV, IPTV, video systems, etc.

The Foundational Story of Ericsson

The company’s history dates back to almost 150 years ago. It was founded in central Stockholm in 1876 by Lars Magnus Ericsson, who, before founding the company, worked for a telegraph equipment development company in Sweden. The idea behind opening Ericsson was quite simple, repairing the foreign-made telephones.

Only in two years of its founding, in 1978, Ericsson started to independently build and sell the telephone equipment. In the same year, the company bagged a contract from Stockholms Allmänna Telefonaktiebolag (the first telephone company in Sweden), where the company had to supply telephones and switchboards to them. This was a big step for Ericsson, and soon it was ready for its international expansion.

Ericsson
Image Source: economictimes.indiatimes.com

In 1890, the company opened its first international factories in the UK, Russia, Australia, and New Zealand. In the next 20-30 years, the company was competing with its rivals in the US and China but continued to dominate the European telecommunication industry. With the major events taking place, including the World War, the Great Depression, etc., the company was losing its grip in the foreign as well as local markets. The company came under debt, leading to selling off its share to other companies.

In 1925, Karl Fredric Wincrantz acquired most of Ericsson’s shares. With this acquisition, they got rebranded as Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson. Due to the first world war and other events taking place, the governments took the charge of the telecommunication operations. The government would grant the operations of the telecommunication operations on leases, and the company also managed to get some. This led the company to stabilize its condition in the telecommunication market.

Though the company was only providing the manual exchange design telephones, in 1956, it came up with the world’s first fully automatic mobile telephone system, MTA. This changed the conditions for the company, and again the company became one of the biggest suppliers of telephone equipment and crossbar switching. Ericsson crossbar switching was the most in-demand equipment that the telephone administrations in various countries had started to use. In 1983, Ericsson introduced the ERIPAX suite of network products and services.

By 1990, with the rise of the internet and mobile phones, Ericsson also started to build mobile phones and was dominating 40% of the world’s mobile market. During the same time, it was operating in 117 countries providing its telecommunication services. In 1996, the company was already operating tests on WCDMA and had partnered with DoCoMo. But the mobile revolution was moving too fast, and the company was unable to follow up. So in 2001, there was a spin-off of the mobile unit from Ericsson, and a joint venture of Ericsson mobile unit with Sony formed the Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. This spin-off led to multiple employees cut as well.

The spin-off proved to be a better decision, as the arrival of 3G has opened new doors for Ericsson. It was already working on WCDMA and continued to improve its workability with the changing trends. The improved version of WCDMA, High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), was out, and by 2006, Ericsson was officially providing its HSPA services in 59 countries. In 2012, Sony acquired all the share of Ericsson in Sony Ericsson, and Ericsson announced that it would solely work on the wireless technology and acquired BelAir Networks, a network technology company. This acquisition was followed by the acquisition of NKT Holding, Red Bee Media, Microsoft’s Mediaroom, some shares in Apcera for cloud policy compliance, Envivio, some operations in Ericpol, etc.

The Founder: Lars Magnus Ericsson

Ericsson founder
Image Source: mg.wikipedia.org

The beginning was quite rough for Lars Magnus Ericsson, the founder of the company. He was born in a small village of Värmland near Karlstad and Arvika. He lost his father at 12, so he had to go out and earn bread for his family. He worked in small workshops and various other places and arranged enough money to leave his village and moved to Stockholm. There he got work in a telegraph equipment-making factory. He learned the skills and was offered two state scholarships to study instrument-making abroad for three years. After completing the scholarship, Ericsson came back to Sweden, and with one of his friends, Carl Johan Andersson, he started a small workshop in a small kitchen that today is known as Ericsson. Ericsson retired from his company in 1900, at the age of 54 and sold all his shares in 1905.

Ericsson has gone through all up and downs, and still, it has emerged as the leader in the telecommunication industry. The company started by making telephone equipment, and today it is the largest wireless network provider. The current President and CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of Ericsson is Börje Ekholm and Ronnie Leten is the Chairman.

Capgemini

Capgemini: A Big Name in the IT Consulting Services in the Digital World

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The most innovative discovery that the world has witnessed in the past 60-70 years is the discovery of computers and the internet. These two technologies have changed the face of the world and have brought humongous opportunities for people in every nook and corner of the world. The internet has made it easy for people sitting in a backward area to work with a company based miles and miles away from their place.

The scope of the internet and computers is not limited to providing jobs to people, but these have also encouraged the startups to provide their B2C and B2B services in the most innovative ways to make the business even easier. Such a company that has taken full advantage of digital innovation is Capgemini, a renowned name in the world of technology and innovation.

About the Company

Capgemini is a French company having its headquarters based in Paris. Serge Kampf founded Capgemini in 1967 in Paris and now the company has expanded to various foreign countries having multiple offices in each. Capgemini is a technology company with expertise in different services, including consulting, technology, professional, and outsourcing services.

Capgemini
Image Source: capgemini.com

The Foundational Story of Capgemini

Kampf founded Capgemini as SOGETI (Société pour la Gestion de l’Entreprise et le Traitement de l’Information) on 1 october, 1967. In the beginning, it started to work as an enterprise management and data processing company. As SOGETI, Capgemini, in 1974, acquired a New York-based company named Gemini Computer Systems. The next year, the company went on to acquire another technology company, named CAP (Centre d’Analyse et de Programmation), leading to a name change of SOGETI (Due to an international dispute on a similar name as CAP of another company), to Cap Gemini Sogeti.

In the next five years, Cap Gemini Sogeti started its international business by launching its US operations in 1981 and opened 20 new branches in the US only. By this time, the company had employed about 500 people and also made another acquisition of a data conversion company, named DASD Corporation. The company cut the Sogeti from its name and changed it to Cap Gemini. It also redesigned the company logo for every branch in the world. This way, Sogeti became a separate subsidiary of Cap Gemini that solely works as information technology consulting company.

In the year 2000, by acquiring Ernst & Young Consulting, Capgemini entered into the consulting business and started its consulting business as Cap Gemini Ernst & Young. In 2017, the company had another rebranding of its name, and from Cap Gemini, it became Capgemini.

The Founder Serge Kampf

Serge Kampf is one of the leaders who are known for their management and leadership skills and are the role-models for many budding entrepreneurs. Kampf was born on 13 October 1934 in Grenoble, France. He was born to a soldier father. Since Kampf’s father was in the army, he spent his school days at a boarding. After completing his school, Kampf passed the entrance exam of the French Telecom administration. He then obtained a double honors degree in Law and Economics. After completing his education, his first job was for an underground telephone exchange as a Telecom Inspector.

While working for the exchange, Kampf realized that he does not like his work and wanted to try something else. While looking for opportunities, he got to know about the newly emerging technology, which was IT. Kampf became curious about IT and computers and immediately applied for jobs in two companies working in IT, Bull and IBM. Though he got offers from both companies, he went on to join Bull. He started as a commercial engineer, and later, with one after another promotion, he became the regional manager of Bull.

After working for seven years with Bull, Kampf got motivated to start his own business. He wanted to have the freedom of a boss and did not want to serve anyone else than himself. So in 1967, he resigned from Bull and started Sogeti on 1 October 1967, from a two-room office in Grenoble, with a team of six people. The company wasn’t one of its kind, but it was the first French IT services company.

Kampf served Capgemini as its CEO till 2002, and in 2012, he resigned as the Chairman of the company too. He served the Board of Directors as the vice-president till 2016, when he died at the age of 81 in Grenoble.

Capgemini Today

Capgemini is dominating the IT consulting services in the world. It has multiple branches in different countries in the world, and as of 2020, more than 370,000 employees are working for the company across the globe. Currently, Aiman Ezzat is the serving CEO at Capgemini, and Paul Hermelin is the chairman of the Board of the company.